8.7.1 wabacus ======= An Abacus Widget Web: https://www.sillycycle.com/abacus.html Download: Primary site: https://www.sillycycle.com/abacus/ Secondary site: http://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/apps/math Maintainer: David A. Bagley By default, this is an implementation of the classic Chinese abacus (Suanpan). Other implementations are easily configurable including the Japanese Abacus (Soroban), the Korean Abacus (Jupan), the Roman Hand-abacus, the Russian Abacus (Schoty), and the Danish Learning Abacus. Essentially, this is a proof by induction that a computer is more powerful than an abacus, since a computer program can contain an abacus. (But then again, you can simulate a computer within a computer, so what does that show). Actually, with a real abacus, one can move more than one row at a time with 10 fingers. But on the other hand, a real abacus does not have the current sum displayed as a number. To build you need at minimum both of these, X11 and Xt (unless you are looking to build win32). sudo apt-get install libx11-dev sudo apt-get install libxt-dev You may need to install one of these to build Motif version: sudo apt-get install libmotif-dev (strongly recommended) sudo apt-get install lesstif2-dev (defunct) As an alternative to Motif you can use Athena (not all features yet): sudo apt-get install xaw7-dev (Also could use XAW3D xaw3d-1.6.3-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst) You need to install XPM if you want color icons: sudo apt-get install libxpm-dev (strongly recommended) To install XMU if you want editres: sudo apt-get install libxmu-dev (probably not useful) To install sound libraries (defunct): sudo apt-get install librplay3-dev sudo apt-get install libesd0-dev sudo apt-get install libaudiofile-dev sudo apt-get install nas-dev sudo apt-get install pulse-dev In place of these it is just configured by default with --enable-def-play=play.sh You need to install XML reader for demo: sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev (recommended) Without this compiled in it falls back to a brief static demo. With this compiled in it parses the abacusDemo.xml file to read in all the demos. Then should be a simple configure; make Try resizing the abacus. Notice the shape and size change of the beads. Note: if using Athena and want the popups to be able to be closed when using a close window button in top bar, uncomment translations stuff in app-defaults file (.ad file) prior to "make install". This may lead to warnings if for example the Motif version also exists. Try editing the file Abacus.ad to get a certain feature and then copying to $(HOME)/Abacus (where Abacus is the file name) and running xabacus again. There is also a Windows port (wabacus), though not all features are included. Keep in mind that the Abacus is a widget that can be simply stuck in other X programs. (If you find a use for this, let me know). It has a built-in demo-mode that instructs the user: - how to count (from 1 to 20) using the abacus - how to perform simple additions - how to perform simple subtractions. - how to multiply... works best on Lee's Abacus There is also a teach-mode feature (requires Motif or Athena) that teaches the user the "proper" way to carry out calculations supplied by the user for: - addition - subtraction - multiplication - division - square root - cube root I started an Internationalization for this teach-mode feature. (I do not use this for my own use, so help here would be nice). ./configure --enable-gettext make msgfmt # creates mo files from po make install-msgfmt # to install all this # not supported on my system: LANG="fr_FR.iso-8859-15" sudo locale-gen fr_FR.UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8 nl_NL.UTF-8 nb_NO.UTF-8 export LANG="fr_FR.UTF-8" Non-ASCII letters need a hex code in po file, e.g. for French use "\xe9" to get an "é". (Any better solutions out there?) In addition, there is a rudimentary facility for generating data that may be used to write customized scripts for teaching other concepts. The PostScript document, Abacus.ps, included in the distribution, describes every possible technique for performing additions and subtractions using an abacus. Refer to the man page for detailed command line options. FOUND A BUG? Send bugs reports and fixes to the author. For bugs, please include as much information as to their location as possible, since I may not be able to duplicate them. other stuff to do 1. "xabacus really bad": (Oow got ripped by a review...) Not my idea to distribute C version without Motif, but the intent was that its supposed to be minimalistic, sort of like oclock, i.e. a retro-look. I kind of like it, but its not for everybody. 2. "xmabacus app is out of date": Added a few new things in 7.7.1 (see Changelog) but kept Motif interface, not really specific on what was out of date. Possibly its time to adopt Gnome or KDE but do not yet see the value added over available Java version. Also a big problem I see is that these other libraries keep changing. Another thing is that Motif works great with Xt Widgets which allows you to group widgets together easily like in "Lee's Abacus" where I have a main abacus widget grouped together with 2 auxiliary abacus widgets. I am not sure how I can port this feature. 3. What graphics in menu would help? 4. The calculator portion does not work for big numbers, i.e. where one can type in math operations and see the abacus perform, e.g. 5,000,000,000,000,000.0+1. 5. When displayBase != base calculate with strings instead of "long long". I.e. the number of rails can be large if displayBase = base, but may error out when this is not true for a large number of rails. 6. Allow for locale to use "," for "." and vice versa. It might be confusing to change this if one actually wanted to try different locales, e.g. Danish Abacus. http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/webmonkeys/book/c_guide/2.6.html 7. Handling of negatives would be nice (work started with complement function). 8. "Demo" and "Teach" have beads and rail highlighted to make clear the current position of calculation for digit; should this be extended to highlight a printed digit? 9. Developing Custom Draw Controls i.e. NM_CUSTOMDRAW. Would this help make "widgets" in Window (so Lee's Abacus could run there)? http://www.codeproject.com/KB/list/lvcustomdraw.aspx 10. Added some gettext for languages. It seems like Motif just uses ISO8859-1 encoding and does not not handle UTF-8 non-ascii characters well, the work around was to use escape sequence for each non-ascii letter. ./configure --enable-gettext LANGUAGE=fr_FR; export LANGUAGE make msgfmt 11. Teach strings at command-line for X so do not need Motif. This may also solve #10. 12. Fukutaro's method for sqrt is faster then Lee's method and should be adopted by teach mode. http://totton.idirect.com/soroban/katoSq/ Similarly https://xlinux.nist.gov/dads/HTML/cubeRoot.html http://dechifro.org/abacus/ 13. Have a way to have buffer rails (beads in middle of rail is an option) so as to have registers similar to Lee's Abacus but as one long abacus. 14. For Lee's Abacus should have way of synchronizing options like format or stuff like xabacus -group -groupSize 2 (normally 3) 15. More detection of limited rows for calculation. Probably more examples where teach mode fails for simple calculations when decimal offset or limited number of rails. I have fixed cases I have seen. 16. Hard coded keys like 's' and 't', etc. may be confusing so should be a way to turn off. 17. Change granularity in teach mode. I.e. skip teaching addition when handling roots. 18. Implement undo and redo for teach and demo mode. 19. Athena: sometimes gives BadGC on Cygwin for scrollbar or format menu. Updates: [Aug 09, 2023] V8.7.1: Fixing configure to not use -std=c89 as it may not always work with installed includes. [Dec 16, 2022] V8.6.2: Fixed calculation when using decimal (off since V8.3.6) also fixed for piece and piece percent where its not used. Athena: Simplified menu code and fixed check. [Dec 14, 2022] V8.6.1: Updating Athena libs as seen in xterm build and adding XawPlus. Fixing up and down bitmaps. [Dec 09, 2022] V8.6.0: Redesign gui parts as getting too unwieldy. Ripping out xgui.h xgui.c from main file. Athena: Adding new spinner, updating old slider and toggle. Motif/Athena: Using spinner on base stuff now for consistency. Bugs fixed when going from changing base stuff back to demo for gui. [Oct 31, 2022] V8.5.6: Updating for Xaw3dxft and neXtaw. Fix for possible buffer overflow for previous 1/8 fix. Fixing possible double free from checkcpp. [Oct 14, 2022] V8.5.5: Athena: Added label for pulldowns. Athena: Added more controls in Controls. Athena: Lee's Abacus now works. Windows/Motif/Athena moved Roman Makers under Roman Numerals. Fixes for things broken since V8.3.6: Motif: fixed percent rails broken when picked first Motif: keeps adding rails changing piece setting Fix for only piece 1/4 set and Roman Numerals Fix for only piece 1/12, one bead up, and Roman Numerals Added calculation for piece 1/8 and Roman Numerals. Piece rail was not being added to piece percent rail with same precision. [Oct 04, 2022] V8.5.4: Teach mode: Fix "1 *" causing a divide by zero internally. Athena: adding teach mode and fixing initialization of demo mode. Motif/Athena: Updated menus and popup titles. Motif/Athena: Added sound and demo toggle in menu. [Sep 01, 2022] V8.5.3: Updated to use XtAppInitialize from XtInitialize. Athena: added scroll bar dialog box for features and options added as this was too big not to scroll. Athena: added calculate dialog. Works a bit different than the Motif version as the math operations are typed in a separate window. [Jul 30, 2022] V8.5.2: Changed default size to be slightly bigger, with correct proportion. Athena scrolling fix and partial menus added. [Jul 11, 2022] V8.5.1: Cleanup and configuration updates. Fix for changing format in Cygwin. [Jul 07, 2022] V8.5.0: Athena version, because I got complaints about Motif being old. [May 20, 2022] V8.4.3: Small fixes in teach mode for language handling. [Apr 22, 2022] V8.4.2: Now displays message in teach mode when too few rails or not enough precision. Bad use of strcpy was causing bad result in running sum during a multiplication operation in teach mode. [Apr 18, 2022] V8.4.1: Lots of language internationalization added for teach mode. See README for --enable-gettext and msgfmt. [Mar 20, 2022] V8.4.0: Fix for compiling without Motif. [May 23, 2021] V8.3.7: If display base != base of abacus now should have appropriate fractional portion using log(abacusBase)/log(displayBase) as a guide. Added some rounding as it was taking floor value where the display base != base. These two things were noticeable on Base 2 Abacus and Sumerian Abacus. [May 09, 2021] V8.3.6: Complement now works with undo and redo. Dropping Babylon Watch idea, as I see that the Sumerians and the early Babylonians did not generally work with groups of five. Added support for a Sumerian Abacus which is closer to what they probably had, if they had one. Restructured support for piece, piece percent, and subnet to now all support [quarters|eighths|twelfths]. Fixed old bug where it was not showing pick for radio buttons. Removed clear query. It would seem to pop up at random times. [Mar 28, 2021] V8.3.5: Added group separators on right side of decimal point. Roman Ivory and British 17th Century Abacus Allow setting of marker colors New format for Roman numerals and markers Allow subbead placement to be on right of markers Allow to choose if subdecks are separate Handle teach mode for new Vietnamese abacus. Broke EnterWindow focusing in 8.3.0, restored. [Feb 02, 2021] V8.3.4: Fix for teach mode that broke Russian/Danish abacus in 8.2.9. [Jan 31, 2021] V8.3.3: Allow new color scheme for abacus found at the British Museum from the 17th century. [Dec 27, 2020] V8.3.2: Noticed that Lee's Abacus has the group and decimal separators after a specified rail, so added an option to fix that with placeOnRail, off by default. [Dec 11, 2020] V8.3.1: Updated subtract operation to say borrow instead of carry. [Nov 20, 2020] V8.3.0: Swap 'e' and 'r' where 'e' now is for Enter in demo and 'r' is for Redo to synchronize with other versions. [Aug 04, 2020] V8.2.9: Fix teach to make Chinese Abacus base 16 algorithm more generic to work with other bases and bottom bead count. [Jul 10, 2020] V8.2.8: Fix teach mode for Chinese Abacus base 16. Problem was that the top factor not divisible by base, which broke algorithm. [Apr 11, 2020] V8.2.7: Can now hold down Enter key in teach mode. Fixing a few buffer overflows from latest gcc. [Apr 04, 2020] V8.2.6: Lots of spelling errors fixed due to codespell https://manpages.debian.org/testing/codespell/codespell.1.en.html Fix for clear query to clear auxiliary. Fix for Chinese Base 16 complement. Drop display of decimal point if decimalPosition on rightmost rail. [Mar 23, 2020] V8.2.5: Added a pause popup after calculation is done in teach mode. The reason being is that you can have a long calculation and may be hitting return a few times and miss the solution. Does not work if you hold it down however. Giving 3rd decimal place in right auxiliary and then teach mode of 25/3 give error. Added a undo and redo for regular manipulation. [Jan 05, 2020] V8.2.4: Vertical formatting available with "|" key or menu. Beads and rails will now maintain their orientation when cycling through formats. This seems better as window is frequently setup to for a certain orientation. Museum selection fix for windows. Handle "4281829918390249v" or "728028431936u" better in teach mode. Before it would get stuck and would not redraw screen if not enough rails are available. Spelling of Schoty corrected again. Updated references to website to https. https://www.sillycycle.com [Nov 30, 2019] V8.2.3: Added new group color scheme and used for Mesoamerican abacus. Fixed where -sign was not adding sign rail. [Oct 09, 2019] V8.2.2: Made the rails a little thicker. Build on win32 can now use libxml2-2. make all-xml This is not the default because it requires the xml dll libraries to be in path at runtime. This is used for reading abacusDemo.xml. Fixed demo in windows to start at the beginning. (Was starting on second lesson). Fixed windows code where quitting demo mode or teach mode might leave magenta colored rails and beads. [Feb 15, 2019] V8.2.1: Fixed spinner to not wrap and be unlimited where appropriate. [Oct 02, 2018] V8.2.0: Removing strcpy and strcat calls by migrating to strncpy and strncat. Added HAVE_SNPRINTF compile-time option. Did for all files except AbacusT.c, (for teach mode) here it was reduced but not eliminated. Fixed drawing especially for Roman Hand Abacus and Medieval Counter. Fixed clearing decimal when changing format from Roman Hand Abacus. Fixed problem pointed out by clang using uninitialized variables. [Jul 21, 2018] V8.1.8: Fixing sound installation. Fixing potential some buffer overruns pointed out in mingw in AbacusT.c. [Apr 03, 2018] V8.1.7: Updated to use spinner (using latest Motif ;) ). [Feb 05, 2018] V8.1.6: Added rail shading. [Nov 16, 2017] V8.1.5: Fix for railIndex, can now be set in generic mode. Russian abacus the spaces were increased by 3. Adding an experimental feature, gettext for locales. Its only experimental an only used for teach mode. For now Motif does not handle non-ASCII very well. Looking to just handle a simple change first like French accents. Any examples of handling this in Motif would be appreciated. Spelling of Suanpan, Jupan, and Schoty corrected. Updated look of "X" and "<>" in medieval abacus. [Oct 15, 2017] V8.1.4: Teach fix for (division or root) and piece rail. Teach fix for for lower bounds of rails with cube roots. Teach fix for presentation of groups for root operations. Removed gcc-7 warnings. [Oct 01, 2017] V8.1.3: Updates for 64 bit compilation in Windows. Quarter percent now independent of piece rail for quarter and twelfths. Fixing when subdeck and changing format. Also a could crash when changing format on some machines. Fix a long standing bug when adding under teach and piece rail is set. Windows now grays out options where appropriate. [Aug 21, 2017] V8.1.2: When showing demo moves it now highlights the rail being moved. Added GUI interface for Ancient Roman in display and Modern Roman on rails (not historical), also will show fractions in Latin. Turn off Roman Numeral display when using decimal fractions. Subrails and quarters now mapped in Roman Numerals (by factor of 3, not historical). (Symbols on right are not correct but not correct for subdeck eighths either.) Adding/removing sign no longer clears subrail. Removing subdeck or format left extra values and beads. Fixed eighth sensitivity issue in Motif menu. [Aug 01, 2017] V8.1.1: Valgrind helped find some definite memory leaks. Show last move in lesson. [Jul 17, 2017] V8.1.0: Removed the lesson files and now use same abacusDemo.xml in Java port. Added fallback code to use a static demo if can not read XML demo file. Windows version always uses fallback, some issue with libxml2-2.dll at runtime. The X version if compiled without libxml2 will also use fallback to use static demo. Added another book from Abacus Guide. Only first few chapters and examples so far. (Not available in fallback mode.) Updated sound configuration for X version. Uses a simple included script play.sh, that is now used by default. [Sep 03, 2016] V8.0.8: Updates to Roman display. Old website http://www.tux.org/~bagleyd died, shifted code base to new website http://www.sillycycle.com [Jan 18, 2016] V8.0.7: Bases other than 10 broken since 8.0.0. [Dec 12, 2015] V8.0.6: Fixed the "wrench" look for X when showing anomalies. Added group markers after last anomaly. [Oct 22, 2015] V8.0.5: Added small pointer for feedback when moving decimal point. [Sep 28, 2015] V8.0.4: Some lessons had some lines too long causing problem. [Feb 24, 2015] V8.0.3: Sound and install fixes. Fix for switching from Chinese to Medieval and vice versa. [Nov 28, 2014] V8.0.2: Many bugs fixed for the new Counter including highlighting. [Nov 18, 2014] V8.0.1: Not released Medieval Counter added. Click left of X to add or right of X to subtract. Middle of line is a counts as 5 (for base 10). [Mar 18, 2014] V8.0.0: Added drip sound for format change. Moving the decimal point needs a select and a release to a different point on "tape". Now behavior more consistent with a real abacus. Also consistent with Android, as a big finger moving beads would too easily move decimal point. Scalable frame. [Jan 20, 2014] V7.7.3: Not released Reorganized pixmaps directory. [Jan 10, 2013] V7.7.1: Fixed draw of diamond beads when vertical. Added scrolls to help dialogs where needed. "xmabacus difficult to use": criticism was not clear but added: Submenus for controls. Moved sliders for base into menu. Added delay slider in menu. Motif has problems with sliders in menus so they are actually in a pop-up. Added toggles to many toggles to menu buttons. Moved Learn stuff into menubar and base stuff into menu like Java version. Made "Generic" mode disabled in menu (only can use if set at start). Added check boxes to menus. Subdeck and eighth enabling etc kind of complicated as it needs exactly 2 places for decimal, twelfth (or quarter), and slots (Roman). I hope I got all the cases. Radio buttons added for museum choice, disabled in all but Roman Hand-Abacus. "xmabacus not all fields labeled": Primary and Auxiliaries are now labeled. It disappears when prompt is used. Color of text is 2 shades darker than the default bead. Done only for Lee's Abacus. Motif: quick "o" or "$" does not change gui choice Xt: pressing "o" twice causes "Warning: XtRemoveGrab asked to remove a widget not on the list". Instead of XtDestroyWidget just XtUnrealizeWidget shell. Add NULL check when creating shell. Windows + Roman Numerals: problem with doing "calculate". Windows + Anomaly/Watch: failing because of MAX_INT... needed to change from 2^63-1 to 2^31-1. "xmabacus hard to read": new bold fontlist in Abacus resource file should address this. [Aug 31, 2012] V7.7.0: Added mouse scroll. Also arrow keys with mouse work similarly now. Abacus control left/right (or if vertical up/down) changes number of rails. [Jan 28, 2011] V7.6.8: Had to reorganize letters to be in sync with Java version. v Roman Nvmerals (was m) m Museum (was e) e Eighth (was h) (h now used in attach/detach in Java html window) Fixed a core dump when switching from eighths to twelfths. [Sep 29, 2010] V7.6.7: An old version got out in 7.6.6. [Sep 27, 2010] V7.6.6: Cbrt in teach now works, try like "3u" (cbrt of 3). It flashes now when reached final answer in teach mode. -decimalPosition now sets auxiliary rails also. [Sep 02, 2010] V7.6.5: "2v" (sqrt of 2) in teach now works. Place decimal place appropriately to give wanted precision. [Aug 03, 2010] V7.6.4: Work around for LessTif bug 2801540. Problem is that LessTif will not automatically adjust its displayed widgets to accommodate a new widget after the topLevel is realized. So when choice of Teach/Demo/Base is chosen the subwindow would have height of 1. Added a force to adjust the frame in xabacus.c, if initial size of new window less than 2. Works fine in Motif/OpenMotif. Did not use a check LESSTIF_VERSION because it could be compiled on one and later used with different library. [Jul 06, 2010] V7.6.3: Highlighting of beads added in teach mode. [Jul 01, 2010] V7.6.2: Highlighting of rail added in teach mode. [Apr 14, 2010] V7.6.1: Ran cppcheck which showed me I was using some nonportable sprintf's. Now updated to use strcat. [Jan 21, 2010] V7.6: Version handling changed to a single version.h (and man page). Sound fixed for esound. [Nov 10, 2009] V7.5.5: Windows version: fix to make demo, calc and teach dialogs consistent Windows version: added accelerator for references. teach division information: remove redundancy for single digit calc more teach information for add/subtract [Nov 02, 2009] V7.5.4: Fractional fix for division. Teach mode base fixes: division, multiplication, lee. Teach mode: fixes for error handling. In progress: Demo of sqrt [Oct 15, 2009] V7.5.3: Teach mode: bug fixes and better error handling. Lee's Abacus: handle teach mode when formats are different. Resynced C and Java code, man pages should closely relate to both now. Started on sqrt and cbrt but have trouble understanding the method in "How to Learn Lee's Abacus" by Lee Kai-chen (which is using Newton's method). Started on colorizing "Teach" to make clear the current position of calculation for digit and rail. Nothing to show for it yet, but new "highlight" colors will be used for this. [Oct 05, 2009] V7.5.2: Division using teach should now work. Windows version has no auxiliary rails so this part just has to be imagined. Values from current answer are just represented on this rail so this is not a big leap. [Jul 30, 2009] V7.5.1: Found problem with borrow for subtraction and teach (e.g. 39-28). Fixed demo to work more in sync with Java version. Multiplication using teach should now should work. Added lee options for controlling color and number of rails for auxiliary decks from command line. [Jun 05, 2009] V7.5: Cleaned up menu look. Fixed again for NAS sound. Added "Teach" utility to allow teaching of addition and subtraction. Tables are taken from "How to Learn Lee's Abacus" by Lee Kai-chen. Generalized so bases should also work with "Teach". Fixed bug in calculate when using quarters or quarter percents. Changed name of flexible mode from "Other" to "Generic" and changed default to be Chinese. Moving beads when base was large for Russian or Danish format could cause a false display of corruption error. Put non-English names of Abacus in pull-down. Added complement function, may be useful in future for negatives. Added rightToLeft for "Teach". With it you can change from the traditional left to right for addition and subtraction. [Dec 14, 2008] V7.4.3: Fixed for NAS sound. [Jul 21, 2008] V7.4.1: Strange character at end of help title removed. Quit menu selection now works. Fix for make install-png, thanks to solsTiCe d'Hiver . [Jul 11, 2008] V7.4: Leading function names in lowercase. [Jun 01, 2008] V7.3.9: Not released Made "t" and "b" names consistent with Java version ie, -tpiece now -topPiece and -bpiece now -bottomPiece. Japanese format 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.0+1 corruption fix. Still does not add accurately as the math is using double. Fixed various corruption and overflows. [May 18, 2008] V7.3.8: Fixed goof in ancientRoman. [May 12, 2008] V7.3.7: Allow latin for fractions when using Roman Numerals with -latin. Allow signs on bars to be "modern" Roman Numerals with -modernRoman. Allow older Roman Numerals to be displayed with -ancientRoman. No group positions on abacus when anomaly is on. [Apr 11, 2008] V7.3.6: Allow "," for decimal point and "." for group separator. Probably, should be done using locale but there are so many ways to configure the abacus, I was not sure I should make an exception here and configure it in a different way. Fixed bottom bead click which was 3 pixels off. -pressOffset option added. Beads are now closer together. Use option to access older way. Beads are rounder with light bordering to distinguish beads easier. Added color options for auxiliary beads. [Apr 08, 2008] V7.3.5: Eighths half added to menu and off by one error. Eighths 1/2 bead was showing wrong value. Commas should be ignored in calculations. Implemented calculations for anomalies. Calculation support up to base 20, which historically, was the maximum base used. Babylonians used 60, but was a conglomeration of base 10 and 6. [Feb 29, 2008] V7.3.4: Calculations like 4! can now be done in auxiliary fields. Auxiliary text windows now proper sizes. -script now defaults to stdout for X-Windows. Aux stuff now works here also. Changed pointer from crosshair to hand2. gs has problems reading the distributed postscript file. In pixmaps directory, I now distribute gif [now png] files in case there are others like me who have trouble reading it. As of now, these are not installed automatically. [Dec 24, 2007] V7.3.3: Constants changed. [Nov 06, 2007] V7.3.2: Added -nolee option when compiled with -DABACUS_LEE. Merging in GNU standards. Abacus Demo upgrade to allow chapters. Variable xpm pixmaps controlled by resource file. Default "Other" is now not printed on non-Motif. Number in X version on left side in-case window is small. Updated action codes and synchronized Java and C code. Various small changes. [Jul 26, 2007] V7.3.1: Updated action codes and synchronized Java and C code. Added eighths ability for Roman Hand Abacus, as suggested by Stephen Stephenson. Setup for UK Museum version may not work as expected on FR and IT versions. Condense various menu defines to one set: "ACTION_*". Windows fix for strange memory corruption when 'o' pressed for demo mode. Windows now has black text for demo by default instead of green. [Feb 23, 2007] V7.3: HTML no longer corrupted. mono and reverseVideo update. Named fractions added for Roman numerals using 12ths and subdeck. [Feb 20, 2007] V7.2.8: Roman Hand Abacus fix for subdeck part 1/3 of 1/12 should really be 1/12 of 1/12 thanks to Ray Greaves . [Feb 20, 2007] V7.2.7: Setting up Roman Hand Abacus from .ad file caused core. Fix for setting up twelfths and quarters from .ini file. New bump.au sound, db lowered, and bumpdat.au removed, thanks to http://audacity.sourceforge.net to help clean the sound up. Setting decimal a little off for vertical. [Oct 11, 2006] V7.2.6: Option to format output to use commas so numbers can be read easier, shortcut use "g" for group. Fixed an overflow if number entered in display is too large. Fixed menu to assure the OK part of queries is handled correctly. Now use http://netpbm.sourceforge.net to generate images from xpm. [Aug 08, 2006] V7.2.5: Roman subdeck to Russian error fixed (ffftb.04f). Roman subdeck error fixed (ffftb.04b). Roman fix for pieces and piece percents. Russian to Danish fix for twelfths. Added more debugging. Fix for decreasing number of rails with special rails by slider. [Jul 21, 2006] V7.2.4: Fixed assorted memory leaks and uninitialized memory access reads. [May 14, 2006] V7.2.3: Tan frame. Danish Elementary School abacus added (teaching aid). Do not know how its used, setup as: clears when pushed left lowest order beads at bottom kept simple so decimal point is at bottom [Mar 06, 2006] V7.2.2: Fixed bug for signs and quarter percents and subdecks. Changed definition of CARRY buffer from 2 to 1, fixed display bug. Anomaly now works when carries are possible. Although there is no historical abacus like this, its nice to remove this requirement. Pieces and piece percents now use "+" on bar except Roman Abacus. Right click clear fix (off by one). Made usage string compatible with versions of Motif and screen. Fixed a problem for quarter percents where beads would get stuck. Windows fix for printing of subdeck chars in Roman Abacus for Museum of the Thermae in Rome. [Feb 27, 2006] V7.2.1: rngs.h left out of distribution, also some permission problems on installation scripts. Simplified code to switch to and from Russian abacus. Redesigned rounded beads to always account for slots. I.e. a bead is either an overlay of 2 circles and a rectangle if a wide bead or an overlay of 4 circles and two rectangles (a cross) where there would always be a flat edge along the width of a rail or slot. [Jan 17, 2006] V7.2: Added on 3 subdecks with 4 beads. ./xabacus -roman -rails 10 -tpiece 2 -bpiece 6 -subdeck 3 -subbead 4 1/2,1/4,1/3 ounces column now work for a Roman Abacus. This comes in two flavors, where possibly the simpler one, needs 3 decks (where a single bottom column would be) (one known example in museum in British Museum in London). In the other flavor, the beads could stop midway on a single slot (in IMHO not a well defined way) (two known examples one in Museum of the Thermae in Rome and one in Cabinet des medailles, Bibliotheque nationale, Paris). Type "e" or use Museum option to cycle through museum pieces. Added older Roman Signs "|x| (((|))) ((|)) (|) c x |" on bar. Also allow these signs to be Roman Numerals. If anomaly, calculations are not allowed. Switching from/to Russian with a negative was broken. Added more sanity checks for configuration, or it could go into a weird state. Fixed for small beads and PC version, would not have rounded slots. Fixed top level room and spaces if top pieces or piecePercents greater than 2. [Jan 05, 2006] V7.1.8: There were some cases where resizing the number of rails causes the calculation to change unnecessarily. Signed overflow fixes e.g. 50000000000*2=-5000 or -100000000000 Chinese converted to Japanese. Assorted tweaks discovered when porting code to Java version. Moved Anomaly from "a" to "l" to be consistent with Java version. Move bar problems with quarter percent. Quarter percent for Russian format would give an X error, fixed. [Jan 01, 2006] V7.1.7: Sign, quarter, and quarterPercent code all rewritten to be less buggy. Quarter percents option for 1/4 Kopecks. Use of "piece" instead of "quarter" for more variability. This now allows a "twelfths" capability (Roman ounces) for Roman Hand Abacus. Its pretty configurable (with the configuration file) so you can have a range from halves to sixteenths (stock market pricing, pieces of eight, etc), and possibly beyond if you want to get crazy. New symbols on the bar for "-" for sign, "O" for pieces. If the base and piece and format in Russian style set weird it could otherwise be hard hard to read. O used because it was used on the Roman Hand Abacus. Anomaly option for Mesoamerican Nepohualtzintzin Abacus. Basically a JP Abacus in base 20 (3/4) where the columns left of the 2nd digit are multiples of 360 (instead of 400). 4th column of unit beads would be 20x360. Bar marked with an "X" where the anomaly is. Note: this is turned off if there are extra beads as in the Chinese mode or Korean mode or this leads to even more unexpected anomalies. AnomalySq option to make more Anomaly more configurable, now can have a representation of time using hours, minutes, seconds. Babylonians are responsible for that mess. Though they probably did not use an abacus. [Nov 19, 2005] V7.1.6: Vertical for proper Russian schoty (rotate xabacus clockwise 90 degrees). Use "v" or from the command line -vertical. The first bead that is 3 decimal places >= 1000 gets a darker color on Russian Abacus. [Oct 05, 2005] V7.1.5: -version added Common option help for X and X-Motif [May 31, 2005] V7.1.4: Separated out compatible components. [Nov 21, 2004] V7.1.3: Bug fixes for auto-calculation and small base values. Thanks to Debian maintainer Florian Ernst for esound fix. [Oct 22, 2004] V7.1.2: Small changes synchronizing with Java code. Fixed goof introduced in previous which make quarter not work right. [Sep 25, 2004] V7.1.1: Installation of sound files. bufferBead and colormap not properly initialized and could cause core dumps. [Aug 23, 2004] V7.1: Thanks to Debian maintainer Florian Ernst for pointing out that the demo breaks without Motif. Fixed this and 'f' should now work better for X. Beads are now double buffered. Faster and looks better on slow machines. Beads now slide in small increments. Got rid of turning the beads "inside-out" when pressed. Too annoying. "<", ">" to speed up and slow down movement of the beads. Actually, it changes "delay" inversely. Got rid of some drawing errors when beads are long. Sound added. Sort of real time using gettimeofday. [May 31, 2004] V7.0.6: Demo now works with the other "standard" abaci. Korean (or Pre-WWII Japanese) 1/5 (ko), Japanese 1/4 (or Roman) (jp), or Russian 0/10 (ru). [Jan 23, 2004] V7.0.5: Not released The idea with the calculator stuff is to see the beads move with input from the display line. This will do a calculation but it is not meant as a demonstration of a mathematical operation. Do not use this for your taxes yet... Has some special features... 2v = sqrt of 2, 2u = cbrt of 2, e for e, p for pi, ! for factorial (should do a gamma function if real?), and ^ for power. Display Base must equal Abacus Base. Eventually want to do operations on strings so abacus could be an "infinite" size. Answers that result in an error default to zero (maybe all the beads should fall off?). [Jan 13, 2004] V7.0.4: Clear for Lee's Abacus is for each individual deck except for demo. Have the decimal point setting accessible to the demo. I treat the decimal point as the place setting vernier... Resources broken in 7.0.2 fixed. Decrementing with the decimal on the right fixed. Added the faster diamond shaped beads. :) Color of decimal point the same as beads. Put the decimal point (or place setting vernier) at a post. (To me it should be between posts but have not seen an historic example). Windows fixes: 'u' for quarters mode and rounder beads [Dec 31, 2003] V7.0.3: The Roman mode forces a plate look where the beads move in slots. Fixed minor drawing errors in Windows. Changed order of additions in the 4th lesson to conform with the standard way of doing multiplication. Fixed bug where a new 5th lesson not installed. Fixed clean on auxiliary decks from demo. Fixed demo mode on auxiliary decks. [Dec 23, 2003] V7.0.2: Lee's Abacus, default setup when using Motif. Added a 4th lesson for multiplication. Find out more about Lee's Abacus from http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/leeabacus/ Type of abacus listed for non-Motif and Windows. Demo can now be set dynamically in Windows. [Dec 15, 2003] V7.0.1: Increment when decimal point left most bug fix. The Hide functionality of the Escape key now iconifies or drops in task bar. Added help in Windows. Accelerator Keys (F keys and regular keys) in Windows now work. [Nov 08, 2003] V7.0: Abacus??.ad* files removed, info is in Abacus.ad*. Integrated winpuz6.5 (Windows 3.1/95) into X source tree. [Aug 28, 2003] V5.7.3: png for Gnome and KDE menus and xpm for CDE menus. Added xpm for icon. Reset a few colors for consistency. [Aug 14, 2003] V5.7.2: man 1 to man 6 and DESTDIR added and suggestions for ad.in stuff thanks to Stanislav Brabec The demo should work if the demo files are in the installation directory (the default but can be changed by -demopath) or the current directory. Bug fix for xabacus -japanese -demo and a few involving "quarters". User interface now free of numbers for formats. [Aug 11, 2003] V5.7.1: When changing base certain combinations would create too many beads in top deck, beads are instead set to zero. Reformatted with option menus. Help kicked over. Added Korean and Roman. Roman is essentially the same as the Japanese version right now. [Jul 07, 2003] V5.7: Sync up with xpuzzles [Apr 29, 2003] V5.6.2: Not released Added callback for calculate... does not really do too much yet. Need to #define CALC to try... Bug fix when in Demo and Russian format is pressed Clear now checks if you really want to clear using left mouse button, 'c' will not query 'Esc' will hide abacus (actually osfCancel did the trick) Help & About expanded and pop-ups added Took out bitmaps since it takes too much room Demo can be activated from within window without needing command-line -demo option. Removed leak in loadFont. Added 'o' functionality. [Mar 21, 2003] V5.6.1: Added runtime options -chinese, -japanese, and -russian Fixed shading if beads are black Installation fixes for Motif and X versions Help & About expanded and pop-ups added Roman Numerals added Fixed uninstall on Cygwin Took out toggles and bitmaps since it takes too much room. Now compile-time option. There is real help and one can change the toggles through the menu. [Dec 16, 2002] V5.6: configure if around 2nd AC_CHECK_FUNC removed Sun CC (char *) warnings removed hard coding of program name Cygwin changes ./, -lSM -lICE x and xm files combined using HAVE_MOTIF port back from Java (on the Java side I got some help from Sarat Chandran ) colors changes frame color change on enter/leave background/foreground set by default 3d beads reset maximum pixel width "," diamonds added signs and quarters (with smaller delay when moved) Russian abacus (schoty) (it fell over) [Sep 01, 2001] V5.5.4: g++ 3.0 warnings removed. Simplified format. Added demo error checking. [Aug 11, 1999] V5.5.2: Fixed runtime library problems when using configure, added text to README and xabacus.man, fixed confusing demo start. [Jul 31, 1999] V5.5.1: Removed HP usleep warning. [Jun 20, 1999] V5.5: Combined the independent work of Luis Fernandes' xabacus 1.00, also started in 1991. This includes all the features to teach the users how to use the abacus (-demo) and a more solid frame (its sturdier :) ). -bars changed to -rails to conform with the terminology. Abacus now defaults to the top beads up. The picture on the cover of my abacus instruction booklet was deceiving. Abacus.ps and Abacus?.les are written entirely by Luis Fernandes . (Also see http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus). Added -rv and -mono options. Implemented -base option, can now go up to base 36, yeah I got carried away here (it should even work with EBCDIC though untested (really carried away)). Dynamic number of rails, with calculations saved with each change. [Jan 01, 1997] V5.4: configure, man page updates. [Apr 22, 1996] V5.3: You can now see beads move one unit space at a time. This is governed by a new resource, "delay". [Feb 12, 1996] V5.2.1: beads now invert when pressed, wprintf name may conflict with other UNIX libraries - changed to motif_printf, keyboard may not work with motif - fixed. [Jan 31, 1996] V5.2: Dynamic number of rails (well, the widget is dynamic but xabacus.c limits it to around 300 for the title text), fixed another bug when resized (negative radius circles). [Dec 15, 1995] V5.1: Fixed a bug when resized. [Sep 30, 1995] V5.0: Xt/Motif, your choice. [May 16, 1995] V4.10: Warnings removed from Sun's cc and lint. [Mar 13, 1995] V4.3: Removed lint warnings and added a VMS make.com . [Nov 08, 1994] V4.2: Removed gcc -Wall warnings. [Jun 03, 1994] V4.1: R6. [May 07, 1994] V4.0: Xt version. [Feb 03, 1993] V3.0: Motif version. I got some good ideas from Douglas A. Young's book: "The X Window System Programming and Applications with Xt OSF/Motif Edition", particularly his dial widget. I got some good ideas on presentation from Q. Zhao's tetris. [Dec 17, 1991] V2.0: XView version. [Feb 14, 1991] V1.0: SunView version.